Q1. What is meant by Hegemony? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
ANS- In international politics , countries and group of countries are constantly trying to capture and retain power . Power can be in the form of military domination,economic power and cultural dominance . After the disintegration of Soviet Union ,U.S.A. dominated world politics . When there is only one centre of power in international system ,it is called hegemony.
Q2.What was “Operation Enduring Freedom” launched by the U.S.A.?(C.B.S.E. 2014)
ANS- On 11th september 2001 , terrorists attacked World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentgon Building in Washington. Nineteen hijakers took control of four American commercial aircrafts shortly after the take off and flew them into the important building of U.S. In response to that incident U.S.A. launched ‘Operation Enduring Freedom’ and attacked Al-Qaeda in Afganistan .
Q3.Why was the ‘Operation Infinite Reach’ ordered by President Clinton?(C.B.S.E. 2012 DELHI)
ANS- In 1998, there was bombing at the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar-es-salaam ,Tanzania by Al-Qaeda , a terrorist organisation .President Clinton ordered ‘Operation Infinite Reach’in which Al-Qaeda terrorist targets in Sudan and Afganistan were attacked . America did not bother about the U.N. sanction in this regard.
Q4.Highlight any two facts showing cordiality in the relationship between India and the United States. (Delhi 2010)
ANS- The two facts showing cordiality in the relationship between India and the United States are: 1) Technological dimension 2) Role of the Indo-American diaspora
Q5.Write the four forms of power which reflects the US hegemony. (All India 2012)
ANS- The four forms of power which reflect the US hegemony are: 1) Hard power 2)structural power 3)soft power 4) The power of American massmedia
Q6. How can NATO be a constraint in exercise of the US hegemony. (DELHI 2008)
ANS- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) is very significant constraint on the US hegemony. It is the only organisation in the international system that could possibly moderate the exercise of US military power. NATO can act as restrain on USA because the US has huge interest in keeping the alliance of democracies that follow market economies alive . In this respect, NATO has potential to moderate US hegemony in effective way.