Q1.Describe any four consequesnces of shock therapy.( DELHI 2014)
ANS- SHOCK THERAPY- Shock therapy is generally meant by the painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. This model of transition takes place in Russia, East Europe, Central Asia. Four consequesnces of shock therapy are : 1.It led to the collapse of the state controlled industrial units and high scale privatisation of the government enterprises and subsequent auctioning of the state owned industries which was called the ” largest garage sale” in the world history. 2.The value of the russian curency , Ruble declined dramatically with soaring rate of inflammation pushing people into poverty. 3.The old system of welfare was pushed to ashes with government withdrawing subsidies. 4.The middle classes were pushed to the periphery of society, and the academic and intellectual manpower disintegrated or migrated.
Q2.Explain any two reasons for the disintegration of the USSR.(DELHI 2013) *(same type of question asked in – ALL INDIA 2010)
ANS- Factors responsible for the disintegration of the USSR are: 1.FAILED TO MEET THE PEOPLE’S ASPIRATION- There is no doubt that the internal weaknesses of the Soviet political and economic institutions , which failed to meet the people’s aspiration ,were responsible for the collapse of the USSR. 2.ECONOMIC STAGNATION- Economic stagnation for many years led to severe consumer shortages and a large section of soviet society began to doubt and question the system and to so openly.The soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaing a nuclear arsenal and the development of its satellite states. 3.POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STAGNATION- The soviet union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The communist party that had ruled over 70 years was not accountable to the people. Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration ramoant corruption, the inability of the system to correct mistakes it had made, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government ,and the centralisation of authority in a vast land. 4.GORBACHEV’S REFORMS- MIKHAIL GORBACHEV’S policies of ‘perestroika’ and ‘glasnost ‘ proved to be disastrous for the economic health of the USSR.(further description are given in the book,you can write it from there)
Q3. Describe any four consequesnces of the disintegration of soviet union. (ALL INDIA 2011 )
ANS- 1.END OF COLD WAR 2. POWER RELATION IN THE WORLD POLITICS CHANGED 3. EMERGENCE OG MANY NEW COUNTRIES 4.BALTIC REPUBLICS SUBSEQUENTLY BECAME THE MEMBERS OF THE NATO. 5. WORLD BANK AND IMF BECAME BECAME ACTIVE PLAYER. (describe these points from the ncert world book of political science, pg.23)